JavaScript ES6+ Interview Questions & Concepts (Destructuring, Spread, Rest)
JavaScript ES6+ Features Explained (Simple & Practical Guide)
If you're working with modern JavaScript or React, ES6+ features are something you simply can’t ignore. These features make your code shorter, cleaner, and much easier to understand. Instead of writing long and repetitive code, ES6 helps you write smart and efficient logic.
ES6+ is not just about new syntax — it’s about writing better and more readable JavaScript.
1. Destructuring
Destructuring lets you take values from objects or arrays and assign them to variables in a clean way. No need to access each property manually again and again.
Object Destructuring
const user = {
name: "Divyansh",
age: 22
};
const { name, age } = user;
console.log(name); // Divyansh
Array Destructuring
const colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
const [first, second] = colors;
console.log(first); // red
2. Spread Operator (...)
The spread operator is used to expand elements. It's very useful when you want to merge arrays or copy data.
const arr1 = [1, 2];
const arr2 = [3, 4];
const result = [...arr1, ...arr2];
console.log(result); // [1, 2, 3, 4]
3. Rest Operator (...)
The rest operator collects multiple values into a single array. It is commonly used in functions when you don’t know how many arguments will come.
function sum(...numbers) {
return numbers.reduce((total, num) => total + num, 0);
}
console.log(sum(1, 2, 3, 4)); // 10
4. Template Literals
Template literals allow you to write dynamic strings easily using backticks (`). You can directly insert variables without using + operator.
const name = "Divyansh";
const message = `Hello ${name}, welcome!`;
console.log(message);
5. Optional Chaining (?.)
Optional chaining helps you safely access nested properties without breaking your code. If something is undefined, it simply returns undefined instead of throwing an error.
const user = {
profile: {
name: "Divyansh"
}
};
console.log(user?.profile?.name); // Divyansh
console.log(user?.address?.city); // undefined
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