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Cyber Security is the practice of protecting computers, networks, programs, and data from digital attacks, unauthorized access, and damage. It involves protecting information from cyber threats like hacking, phishing, malware, and ransomware. Cyber Security is important because cybercrimes cost billions annually and threaten national security. It is an important topic for computer awareness sections in banking and SSC exams.
Common types of cyber attacks: Phishing (fake emails to steal credentials), Malware (malicious software including viruses, trojans, ransomware), Man-in-the-Middle attacks, DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service), SQL Injection, Zero-Day Exploits, Social Engineering, and Password attacks. Understanding these threats is important for computer awareness in Bank PO and SSC exams.
Malware is a broad term for malicious software. A Virus is a type of malware that attaches itself to legitimate programs and spreads. Ransomware is malware that encrypts victim files and demands payment (ransom) to restore access. WannaCry and Petya are famous ransomware attacks. Spyware monitors user activity secretly. These distinctions are important for computer awareness questions in banking exams.
Important cyber security in India: IT Act 2000 (and amendment 2008) governs cyber crimes, CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team India) is national agency for cyber incidents, NCIIPC (National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre), Cyber Crime Cells in police departments, and National Cyber Security Policy 2013. Cyber laws and agencies are asked in SSC CGL and banking exams.
Best cyber hygiene practices: Use strong unique passwords for each account, Enable two-factor authentication (2FA), Keep software and OS updated, Be careful with suspicious emails and links (phishing), Use VPN on public WiFi, Regular data backup, Use licensed antivirus software, and Be careful about what you share on social media. These practices are important for digital literacy questions in competitive exams.
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