The source-backed, question-specific record explains: On Liberty is correctly associated with John Stuart Mill. The work’s first publication is conventionally dated to 1859, and its original language is English. These three details—title, author, and language—form the decisive bibliographical combination required here. John Stuart Mill, a major British literary figure, is also associated with Utilitarianism; that companion title helps confirm the authorship independently rather than through guesswork. The distractor set (It is a English-language work by Betty Friedan, first published in 1963.; It is a French-language work by Frantz Fanon, first published in 1961.; It is a Russian-language work by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, first published in 1973.) must therefore be tested as complete statements: one true fragment cannot make an entire option correct. A candidate should first lock the title to its writer, then check the language, and finally use 1859 as a chronological cross-check. A common examination trap is to confuse an author’s nationality with the language of composition, or a translation date with first publication. Another is to treat a well-known adaptation or later edition as the original work. Revision takeaway: remember the compact chain “On Liberty — John Stuart Mill — English — 1859,” and connect it with Utilitarianism for stronger recall. This evidence establishes the bibliographic relationship required in this Books and Authors item. A correct solution must preserve the exact title, author, publication context, language, award or comparison requested by the stem. Option A gives It is a English-language work by John Stuart Mill, first published in 1859.