The evidence points to option A, Muhammad bin Tughluq. Muhammad bin Tughluq ordered a transfer toward Daulatabad, seeking a more central position and stronger Deccan control, but severe disruption forced reversal. This problem belongs to the institutional history of the Delhi Sultanate, where authority depended on mobile military elites, revenue assignments and close supervision from the capital. The distractors need separate rejection: Firuz Shah Tughluq belongs to a different institution, context or chronology; Sikandar Lodi does not perform the function described in the stem; and Alauddin Khalji fails the required association. The wording of “The transfer of the Sultanate capital from Delhi to Daulatabad is associated with which ruler?” is deliberately specific, so the candidate should isolate its operative clue before recalling names. A useful method is to construct a two-step link from the tested term to its function and then from that function to the relevant ruler, text, monument or region. — Muhammad bin Tughluq”, but also remember the factual reason stated above.