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Indian History
hardQ. No. 18205-consider-the-following-two-modern-history-questions-1-india-s-first-governor-general-after

Consider the following two Modern History questions: (1) India's first Governor-General after independence (before it became a Republic) was? (2) The Indian Association founded in Calcutta in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee is considered the precursor to which major organization? Which option gives the correct answers in the same order?

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This advanced paired MCQ combines two separately verified Modern History facts. The first component resolves to Lord Mountbatten, while the second resolves to Indian National Congress. Candidates must preserve the order stated in the stem and reject distractors that contain only one correct element.

ALord Mountbatten | Indian National Congress
BLord Mountbatten | All India Trade Union Congress
CC. Rajagopalachari | Indian National Congress
DC. Rajagopalachari | All India Trade Union Congress
Correct Answer: Lord Mountbatten | Indian National CongressYour Answer: A

Explanation

This paired question tests two independent historical relationships and requires both to be correct in the stated order. Lord Mountbatten served as India's first Governor-General after independence from 15 August 1947 to June 1948. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) who became India's last Governor-General (1948-1950) and the first (and only) Indian to hold that position. When India became a Republic on 26 January 1950 Rajendra Prasad became the first President. Chronology resolves the item: Lord Mountbatten occupies the position required by “India's first Governor-General after independence (before it became a Republic) was?”, while a merely famous contemporary name would not satisfy every part of the stem. This development forms part of For statement two, the supported answer is Indian National Congress. The Indian Association founded by Surendranath Banerjee in Calcutta in 1876 is considered a precursor to the Indian National Congress. Banerjee organized the first National Conference in Calcutta (1883) which was attended by delegates from across India. The spirit of the Indian Association fed into the formation of the INC in 1885. Chronology resolves the item: Indian National Congress occupies the position required by “The Indian Association founded in Calcutta in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee is considered the precursor to which major organization?”, while a merely famous contemporary name would not satisfy every part of Therefore the correct ordered pair is Lord Mountbatten followed by Indian National Congress. An option containing only one correct component must be rejected because the stem asks for a complete two-part match.

Important Notes

  • The first verified component is Lord Mountbatten.
  • The second verified component is Indian National Congress.
  • The ordered answer is Lord Mountbatten followed by Indian National Congress.
  • Any pair omitting Lord Mountbatten or Indian National Congress is incomplete.
  • Revise Lord Mountbatten and Indian National Congress from both cited references.

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Modern History FAQs

Common questions and clear answers for this topic.

What does Modern Indian History cover in competitive exams?

Modern Indian History (1757-1947) covers the arrival of European powers, British East India Company rule, 1857 Revolt, colonial policies, social reform movements, and the Independence movement. Key topics for UPSC, SSC CGL, and Railway exams include British expansion, Revenue policies (Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari), and major freedom struggles.

What was the 1857 Revolt and why is it historically significant?

The 1857 Revolt (also called the First War of Independence or Sepoy Mutiny) was a major rebellion against British rule. Immediate cause: greased cartridges for Enfield rifles offended Hindu and Muslim soldiers. Key centers: Meerut, Delhi (Bahadur Shah Zafar), Lucknow (Begum Hazrat Mahal), Jhansi (Rani Lakshmibai). The British Crown directly took control from the East India Company after it was suppressed.

What were the major economic policies of the British that affected India?

Major British economic policies: Permanent Settlement (1793) by Cornwallis fixed zamindars as land revenue collectors. Ryotwari System collected revenue directly from farmers in Tamil Nadu and Bombay. Drain of Wealth theory by Dadabhai Naoroji described India's wealth being drained to Britain. Deindustrialization destroyed Indian textile and handicraft industries.

What were the major social reform movements of 19th century India?

Major social reform movements: Brahmo Samaj (1828) by Raja Ram Mohan Roy - opposed sati, supported widow remarriage and women's education. Arya Samaj (1875) by Swami Dayanand Saraswati - Back to Vedas. Ramakrishna Mission by Swami Vivekananda - service to humanity is worship of God. Social reforms include abolition of Sati (1829) and Hindu Widows Remarriage Act (1856).

What was the role of Mahatma Gandhi in India's freedom struggle?

Mahatma Gandhi transformed India's freedom movement by introducing non-violent civil disobedience (Satyagraha). Key campaigns: Champaran Satyagraha (1917, first in India), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), Civil Disobedience/Dandi March (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942 - Do or Die). Gandhi united millions across caste, religion, and region. He is called the Father of the Nation.

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