Mahmud Gawan is the defensible answer to this advanced Medieval History question. Mahmud Gawan, the Persian-born Bahmani wazir, founded the large madrasa at Bidar and pursued administrative reforms that challenged powerful provincial nobles. The distractors need separate rejection: Malik Ambar belongs to a different institution, context or chronology; Khwaja Jahan does not perform the function described in the stem; and Yusuf Adil Shah fails the required association. The wording of “The celebrated madrasa at Bidar was founded by which Bahmani minister?” is deliberately specific, so the candidate should isolate its operative clue before recalling names. — Mahmud Gawan”, but also remember the factual reason stated above.