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hardQ. No. 18186-consider-the-following-two-modern-history-questions-1-the-sunset-law-associated-with-the-permanent

Consider the following two Modern History questions: (1) The 'Sunset Law' associated with the Permanent Settlement of 1793 meant what? (2) Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress? Which option gives the correct answers in the same order?

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This advanced paired MCQ combines two separately verified Modern History facts. The first component resolves to If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned, while the second resolves to Annie Besant. Candidates must preserve the order stated in the stem and reject distractors that contain only one correct element.

ATaxes were collected at sunset | Kamla Nehru
BIf zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned | Annie Besant
CIf zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned | Kamla Nehru
DTaxes were collected at sunset | Annie Besant
Correct Answer: If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned | Annie BesantYour Answer: B

Explanation

This paired question tests two independent historical relationships and requires both to be correct in the stated order. The Sunset Law under the Permanent Settlement of 1793 stated that if a zamindar failed to pay the fixed revenue amount by sunset on a specified date his land would be auctioned. This was a harsh provision that led to many old zamindars losing their lands and new people acquiring zamindari rights. It reinforced the British grip on land ownership. The answer turns on the exact role assigned in “The 'Sunset Law' associated with the Permanent Settlement of 1793 meant what?”. Evidence connecting If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned For statement two, the supported answer is Annie Besant. Annie Besant was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress serving in 1917. Sarojini Naidu became the second woman INC president in 1925 and the first Indian woman president. Here Annie Besant fits the complete historical coordinates supplied by “Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress?”—the relevant actor, moment and outcome must all agree. This development forms part of the changing national movement, in Therefore the correct ordered pair is If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned followed by Annie Besant. An option containing only one correct component must be rejected because the stem asks for a complete two-part match.

Important Notes

  • The first verified component is If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned.
  • The second verified component is Annie Besant.
  • The ordered answer is If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned followed by Annie Besant.
  • Any pair omitting If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned or Annie Besant is incomplete.
  • Revise If zamindars failed to pay revenue by sunset the land was auctioned and Annie Besant from both cited references.

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Modern History FAQs

Common questions and clear answers for this topic.

What does Modern Indian History cover in competitive exams?

Modern Indian History (1757-1947) covers the arrival of European powers, British East India Company rule, 1857 Revolt, colonial policies, social reform movements, and the Independence movement. Key topics for UPSC, SSC CGL, and Railway exams include British expansion, Revenue policies (Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari), and major freedom struggles.

What was the 1857 Revolt and why is it historically significant?

The 1857 Revolt (also called the First War of Independence or Sepoy Mutiny) was a major rebellion against British rule. Immediate cause: greased cartridges for Enfield rifles offended Hindu and Muslim soldiers. Key centers: Meerut, Delhi (Bahadur Shah Zafar), Lucknow (Begum Hazrat Mahal), Jhansi (Rani Lakshmibai). The British Crown directly took control from the East India Company after it was suppressed.

What were the major economic policies of the British that affected India?

Major British economic policies: Permanent Settlement (1793) by Cornwallis fixed zamindars as land revenue collectors. Ryotwari System collected revenue directly from farmers in Tamil Nadu and Bombay. Drain of Wealth theory by Dadabhai Naoroji described India's wealth being drained to Britain. Deindustrialization destroyed Indian textile and handicraft industries.

What were the major social reform movements of 19th century India?

Major social reform movements: Brahmo Samaj (1828) by Raja Ram Mohan Roy - opposed sati, supported widow remarriage and women's education. Arya Samaj (1875) by Swami Dayanand Saraswati - Back to Vedas. Ramakrishna Mission by Swami Vivekananda - service to humanity is worship of God. Social reforms include abolition of Sati (1829) and Hindu Widows Remarriage Act (1856).

What was the role of Mahatma Gandhi in India's freedom struggle?

Mahatma Gandhi transformed India's freedom movement by introducing non-violent civil disobedience (Satyagraha). Key campaigns: Champaran Satyagraha (1917, first in India), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), Civil Disobedience/Dandi March (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942 - Do or Die). Gandhi united millions across caste, religion, and region. He is called the Father of the Nation.

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