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hardQ. No. 18188-consider-the-following-two-modern-history-questions-1-the-garo-resistance-associated-with-pa-togan

Consider the following two Modern History questions: (1) The Garo resistance associated with Pa Togan Nengminja Sangma in 1872 occurred in which present-day state? (2) The Direct Action Day called by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League on 16 August 1946 led to massive violence in which city? Which option gives the correct answers in the same order?

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This advanced paired MCQ combines two separately verified Modern History facts. The first component resolves to Meghalaya, while the second resolves to Calcutta. Candidates must preserve the order stated in the stem and reject distractors that contain only one correct element. The item is useful for 2027 competitive preparation because it tests simultaneous recall, chronological separation and close reading.

AMeghalaya | Lahore
BAssam | Calcutta
CAssam | Lahore
DMeghalaya | Calcutta
Correct Answer: Meghalaya | CalcuttaYour Answer: D

Explanation

This paired question tests two independent historical relationships and requires both to be correct in the stated order. Pa Togan Nengminja Sangma is remembered for resistance to British forces in the Garo Hills, now in Meghalaya, in 1872. Here Meghalaya fits the complete historical coordinates supplied by “The Garo resistance associated with Pa Togan Nengminja Sangma in 1872 occurred in which present-day state?”—the relevant actor, moment and outcome must all agree. This development forms part of the changing national movement, in which constitutional negotiation, mass mobilisation, boycott, civil For statement two, the supported answer is Calcutta. The Direct Action Day called by the Muslim League on 16 August 1946 led to the Great Calcutta Killings - one of the worst communal riots in Indian history. Thousands were killed in Calcutta over several days. This sparked retaliatory violence across Bengal Bihar and other parts of India and made partition seem inevitable. Chronology resolves the item: Calcutta occupies the position required by “The Direct Action Day called by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League on 16 August 1946 led to massive violence in which city?”, while a merely famous contemporary name would Therefore the correct ordered pair is Meghalaya followed by Calcutta. An option containing only one correct component must be rejected because the stem asks for a complete two-part match. This format strengthens chronology, role discrimination and careful option comparison rather than rewarding recognition of a single familiar name.

Important Notes

  • The first verified component is Meghalaya.
  • The second verified component is Calcutta.
  • The ordered answer is Meghalaya followed by Calcutta.
  • Any pair omitting Meghalaya or Calcutta is incomplete.
  • Revise Meghalaya and Calcutta from both cited references.

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Modern History FAQs

Common questions and clear answers for this topic.

What does Modern Indian History cover in competitive exams?

Modern Indian History (1757-1947) covers the arrival of European powers, British East India Company rule, 1857 Revolt, colonial policies, social reform movements, and the Independence movement. Key topics for UPSC, SSC CGL, and Railway exams include British expansion, Revenue policies (Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari), and major freedom struggles.

What was the 1857 Revolt and why is it historically significant?

The 1857 Revolt (also called the First War of Independence or Sepoy Mutiny) was a major rebellion against British rule. Immediate cause: greased cartridges for Enfield rifles offended Hindu and Muslim soldiers. Key centers: Meerut, Delhi (Bahadur Shah Zafar), Lucknow (Begum Hazrat Mahal), Jhansi (Rani Lakshmibai). The British Crown directly took control from the East India Company after it was suppressed.

What were the major economic policies of the British that affected India?

Major British economic policies: Permanent Settlement (1793) by Cornwallis fixed zamindars as land revenue collectors. Ryotwari System collected revenue directly from farmers in Tamil Nadu and Bombay. Drain of Wealth theory by Dadabhai Naoroji described India's wealth being drained to Britain. Deindustrialization destroyed Indian textile and handicraft industries.

What were the major social reform movements of 19th century India?

Major social reform movements: Brahmo Samaj (1828) by Raja Ram Mohan Roy - opposed sati, supported widow remarriage and women's education. Arya Samaj (1875) by Swami Dayanand Saraswati - Back to Vedas. Ramakrishna Mission by Swami Vivekananda - service to humanity is worship of God. Social reforms include abolition of Sati (1829) and Hindu Widows Remarriage Act (1856).

What was the role of Mahatma Gandhi in India's freedom struggle?

Mahatma Gandhi transformed India's freedom movement by introducing non-violent civil disobedience (Satyagraha). Key campaigns: Champaran Satyagraha (1917, first in India), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), Civil Disobedience/Dandi March (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942 - Do or Die). Gandhi united millions across caste, religion, and region. He is called the Father of the Nation.

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