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Different refrigeration systems use different refrigerants based on their scale and efficiency requirements. Option A (CFC) is incorrect — CFC (chlorofluorocarbon), also known as Freon, is used in DOMESTIC (household) refrigerators and small air conditioners. CFC is being phased out globally because it depletes the ozone layer. HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) is its modern replacement. Option B (Ammonia NH₃) is CORRECT — the image states: बड़े शीतगृह संयंत्रों में प्रशीतक के रूप में अमोनिया का उपयोग करते हैं. Ammonia has excellent thermodynamic properties for large-scale refrigeration: very high latent heat of vaporization, low boiling point (-33°C at atmospheric pressure), and high coefficient of performance (COP). It is used in industrial cold storage, ice plants, food processing facilities, and large refrigeration systems. Its drawback is that it is toxic and pungent. Option C (Nitrogen gas) is incorrect — liquid nitrogen is used for ultra-cold freezing (cryogenic applications like quick-freezing food, medical applications) but not as a standard refrigerant in cold storage refrigeration cycles. Option D (Carbon dioxide) is incorrect — CO₂ has been used historically as a refrigerant (R-744) and is making a comeback in some modern systems, but the standard answer for large cold storage in Indian competitive exams is Ammonia.
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Heat is a form of energy that transfers between objects or systems due to a temperature difference, moving from a hotter body to a cooler one until thermal equilibrium is reached.
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