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The correct answer is Option D — Pion (Pi-meson). Pions (pi-mesons) are responsible for mediating the strong nuclear force between nucleons (protons and neutrons) inside the nucleus. This was proposed by Hideki Yukawa in 1935.
Why other options are wrong:
Option A (Gluon): Gluons mediate the strong force at the quark level (inside protons/neutrons), NOT between nucleons directly.
Option B (Electron): Electrons mediate electromagnetic force (photon exchange), NOT strong nuclear force.
Option C (Neutrino): Neutrinos are involved in weak nuclear force (beta decay), NOT strong nuclear force.
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