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MediumQ. No. which-substance-is-used-as-coolant-in-nuclear-reactors-to-remove-heat

Which substance is used as Coolant in nuclear reactors to remove heat?

Last Updated: 28 Jun 2026

AGraphite and Cadmium

BCold water and Liquid Sodium

CBoron and Lead

DHelium and Argon

Correct Answer: Cold water and Liquid Sodium

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Your Answer: B

Explanation

The correct answer is Option B — Cold water and Liquid Sodium. In nuclear reactors a coolant is used to transfer heat produced by nuclear fission away from the reactor core. The most common coolants are ordinary water (H2O) or heavy water (D2O) in water-cooled reactors and liquid sodium in fast breeder reactors. The coolant absorbs heat and carries it to heat exchangers where steam is produced to drive turbines. Option A is incorrect: Graphite is used as a moderator to slow down neutrons not as a coolant. Cadmium is used in control rods to absorb neutrons. Neither absorbs and transfers heat efficiently as a coolant. Option C is incorrect: Boron is used in control rods. Lead is used as radiation shielding. Neither is used as a primary coolant for heat removal in reactors. Option D is incorrect: Helium and argon are noble gases. While helium is used as coolant in some high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, argon is not used as nuclear reactor coolant. The primary coolants for most reactors are water and liquid sodium.

Important Notes

📌 Coolants in nuclear reactors: H2O (light water), D2O (heavy water), liquid sodium (Na), CO2. 📌 India's PFBR uses liquid sodium as coolant (fast breeder reactor). 📌 Coolant carries heat to heat exchanger → steam → turbine → electricity. 📌 Moderator slows neutrons; Coolant removes heat (different functions). 📌 PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) uses pressurized H2O as coolant. 📌 RBMK reactor (Chernobyl) used graphite moderator and water coolant.

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Asked in: SSC, Railway, Banking and other competitive exams.
Also asked in: RRB NTPC, CHSL, State PCS and online mock tests.
Topic: Modern Physics

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