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The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was launched by Mahatma Gandhi against the Tinkathia system (Tinkathiya pratha). Under this oppressive system, European indigo planters forced farmers in the Champaran region of Bihar to cultivate indigo on 3/20 (three kattha) of their land compulsorily, even if they did not wish to. When synthetic indigo began to displace natural indigo in international markets, planters forced peasants to pay heavy compensation or penalties instead. Gandhi was invited by Raj Kumar Shukla, a local peasant leader, to visit Champaran. After surveying the situation, Gandhi launched a non-violent resistance movement, which became the first successful Satyagraha in India on Indian soil. The Salt tax was the target of the Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) in 1930, not the Champaran movement. The Zamindari system involved landlord exploitation of tenants but was not specifically the target of the 1917 Champaran movement. The Ryotwari system was a land revenue system prevalent in Madras and Bombay Presidencies. The Champaran Agrarian Act of 1917 eventually abolished the Tinkathia system.
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Bihar is famous for being the center of ancient kingdoms such as Magadha, the Maurya Empire, and the Gupta Empire. It is also known for Nalanda University and its contribution to Buddhism and Jainism.
Patna is the capital city of Bihar and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was historically known as Pataliputra.
Bihar was established as a separate province on 22 March 1912 after being separated from the Bengal Presidency. This day is celebrated as Bihar Diwas every year.
The Ganga, Kosi, Gandak, Son, Bagmati, and Punpun rivers are among the most important rivers of Bihar. These rivers play a crucial role in agriculture and the state's economy.
Questions related to Bihar's history, geography, culture, economy, rivers, districts, and famous personalities are frequently asked in BPSC, Bihar Police, SSC, Railway, Banking, and other government exams.
Chhath Puja is the most important and widely celebrated festival in Bihar. It is dedicated to the worship of the Sun God and Chhathi Maiya.
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