In Environment and Ecology, which term combines the facts “parts of the Himalaya and Western Ghats-Sri Lanka hotspots occur in India” and “a region combining exceptional endemism with severe habitat loss”?

Correct Answer: Option A — Biodiversity Hotspot. Biodiversity Hotspot is correct because it is a region combining exceptional endemism with severe habitat loss. Biodiversity Hotspot is also specifically associated with parts of the Himalaya and Western Ghats-Sri Lanka hotspots occur in India. Two additional identifying facts are that Biodiversity Hotspot is parts of the Himalaya and Western Ghats-Sri Lanka hotspots occur in India and Biodiversity Hotspot is associated with a hotspot is not simply any place with many species. Why the other options are incorrect: • Option B — Wetland: Wetland is land where water controls ecological conditions for significant periods. It is incorrect here because its separate identifying association is wetlands can store floodwater and support specialized biodiversity. • Option C — Environmental Impact Assessment: Environmental Impact Assessment is a process for examining likely environmental effects before project decisions. It is incorrect here because its separate identifying association is mitigation and environmental-management measures are considered. • Option D — Ecosystem: Ecosystem is a functional unit of organisms and their physical environment. Exam Takeaway: Connect Biodiversity Hotspot with “a region combining exceptional endemism with severe habitat loss” and “parts of the Himalaya and Western Ghats-Sri Lanka hotspots occur in India”.