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easyQ. No. 16215-why-are-industrial-trans-fats-considered-particularly-harmful

औद्योगिक ट्रांस वसा को विशेष रूप से हानिकारक क्यों माना जाता है?

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This question tests a core concept of human nutrition: Industrial trans fats worsen the blood-lipid profile by raising LDL cholesterol and often lowering protective HDL cholesterol. The correct answer is They raise LDL and can lower HDL cholesterol.

Aवे LDL बढ़ा और HDL घटा सकती हैं
Bवे कोई ऊर्जा नहीं देतीं
Cवे एक प्रकार का विटामिन हैं
Dवे सभी सूजन रोकती हैं
Correct Answer: वे LDL बढ़ा और HDL घटा सकती हैंYour Answer: A

Explanation

सही उत्तर: वे LDL बढ़ा और HDL घटा सकती हैं। औद्योगिक ट्रांस वसा LDL cholesterol बढ़ाकर और अक्सर protective HDL घटाकर blood-lipid profile खराब करती हैं। वे हृदय-रोग जोखिम बढ़ाती हैं, इसलिए partially hydrogenated oils को हटाने की सिफारिश की जाती है। ट्रांस वसा ऊर्जा देती हैं, विटामिन नहीं हैं और सूजन नहीं रोकतीं; वे प्रतिकूल inflammatory effects बढ़ा सकती हैं। इसलिए यही विकल्प वैज्ञानिक रूप से सही है। अन्य विकल्प पोषण से संबंधित अवश्य हैं, लेकिन वे अलग पोषक तत्व, अलग कार्य, अलग ऊर्जा-मूल्य या अलग कमी-रोग को दर्शाते हैं। प्रश्न के मुख्य शारीरिक संकेत और पोषक तत्व के विशिष्ट कार्य का मिलान करने पर सही उत्तर स्पष्ट हो जाता है।

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What are the major nutrients required by the human body?

The human body requires six major nutrients: carbohydrates (energy source), proteins (growth and repair), fats (energy storage and insulation), vitamins (regulatory functions), minerals (bone and metabolic functions), and water. Each nutrient plays a specific role in maintaining health. A balanced diet includes all these nutrients in proper proportions.

What are vitamins and what is their role in the body?

Vitamins are organic compounds required in small quantities for normal body function. They are classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-complex, C). Vitamin A maintains vision, D helps calcium absorption, C builds immunity and prevents scurvy, B1 (thiamine) prevents beriberi, and B12 is essential for nerve function and blood formation.

What are deficiency diseases caused by lack of nutrients?

Nutrient deficiency diseases include: Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency), Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency in children), Beriberi (Vitamin B1/thiamine), Night blindness (Vitamin A), Anaemia (Iron or B12 deficiency), Goitre (Iodine deficiency), Kwashiorkor and Marasmus (protein-energy malnutrition), and Pellagra (Niacin/Vitamin B3 deficiency).

What is the difference between carbohydrates, proteins and fats?

Carbohydrates provide immediate energy (4 kcal/g) and are found in rice, wheat, and fruits. Proteins are building blocks made of amino acids (4 kcal/g), essential for growth and repair, found in eggs, meat, legumes. Fats store energy (9 kcal/g), insulate organs, and aid vitamin absorption; found in oils, butter, nuts.

What is a balanced diet and why is it important?

A balanced diet contains all essential nutrients — carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water — in the right proportions. It supports growth, maintains energy, boosts immunity, and prevents deficiency diseases. ICMR recommends a daily intake that includes cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and adequate water.

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