Which Indian climate term is correctly associated with source or location “it involves unusual warming in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific”, and also with “it can alter atmospheric circulation affecting the Indian monsoon”?

Correct Answer: Option B — El Nino. El Nino is correctly identified as it involves unusual warming in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. El Nino is also associated with it can alter atmospheric circulation affecting the Indian monsoon. Another identifying fact about El Nino is that it can alter atmospheric circulation affecting the Indian monsoon. A further exam-relevant fact about El Nino is that its influence on Indian rainfall is important but not identical in every event. Why the other options are incorrect: • Option A — La Nina: La Nina is it involves unusual cooling in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. It is incorrect here because La Nina is instead associated with it alters tropical atmospheric circulation and can influence the Indian monsoon. • Option C — Southwest Monsoon: Southwest Monsoon is it reaches India from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal sectors. It is incorrect here because Southwest Monsoon is instead associated with the Western Ghats cause strong orographic rainfall on their windward side. • Option D — Northeast Monsoon: Northeast Monsoon is it is especially important for rainfall over coastal Tamil Nadu. It is incorrect here because Northeast Monsoon is instead associated with winds cross the Bay of Bengal and acquire moisture before reaching the southeast coast. Exam Takeaway: Connect El Nino with “it involves unusual warming in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific” and “it can alter atmospheric circulation affecting the Indian monsoon” for revision.