Which Indian soil term is correctly associated with source or location “extensive over the Deccan Trap region of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat”, and also with “it develops deep cracks during the dry season”?

Correct Answer: Option B — Black Soil. Black Soil is correctly identified as extensive over the Deccan Trap region of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. Black Soil is also associated with it develops deep cracks during the dry season. Another identifying fact about Black Soil is that it develops deep cracks during the dry season. A further exam-relevant fact about Black Soil is that its high moisture retention makes it especially suitable for cotton. Why the other options are incorrect: • Option A — Red and Yellow Soil: Red and Yellow Soil is widespread over parts of the eastern and southern Peninsular plateau. It is incorrect here because Red and Yellow Soil is instead associated with it forms largely from weathering of ancient crystalline rocks. • Option C — Laterite Soil: Laterite Soil is found on parts of the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and northeastern hills. It is incorrect here because Laterite Soil is instead associated with it is often rich in iron and aluminium oxides but poor in humus. • Option D — Arid Soil: Arid Soil is prominent in western Rajasthan and adjoining dry regions. It is incorrect here because Arid Soil is instead associated with low humus and moisture are common limitations. Exam Takeaway: Connect Black Soil with “extensive over the Deccan Trap region of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat” and “it develops deep cracks during the dry season” for revision.