Important information about Mauryan administration is obtained from —

This question examines a key feature of Mauryan political history, administration, economy, art, religion, or epigraphy. The correct answer is Arthashastra and Indica. Kautilya's Arthashastra and Megasthenes' Indica are central literary sources for Mauryan administration. They must be compared critically with Ashokan inscriptions and archaeology because each reflects a distinct purpose and perspective. A strong answer should connect the term or object with its precise source, location, ruler, regnal context, and administrative function. Reading the wording closely is therefore essential, especially when the question uses expressions such as ‘according to the Arthashastra’, ‘major rock edict’, ‘traditionally associated’, or ‘first used widely’.