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A thermoelectric thermometer (thermocouple) is a widely used temperature measuring device. Option A (Doppler effect) is incorrect — the Doppler effect relates to the change in frequency of waves when the source and observer are in relative motion. It has no direct relation to thermocouple thermometers. Doppler effect is used in radar, ultrasound, and astronomy. Option B (Seebeck effect) is CORRECT — a thermoelectric thermometer (thermocouple) works on the Seebeck effect, discovered by Thomas Johann Seebeck in 1821. The Seebeck effect states that when two dissimilar metals are joined at two junctions and the junctions are at different temperatures, an electromotive force (EMF) is generated. Common thermocouple pairs: copper-constantan, iron-constantan, platinum-rhodium. Option C (Photoelectric effect) is incorrect — the photoelectric effect describes the emission of electrons when light falls on a metal surface. Option D (Compton effect) is incorrect — the Compton effect describes the scattering of X-rays by electrons, discovered by Arthur Compton.
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Heat is a form of energy that transfers between objects or systems due to a temperature difference, moving from a hotter body to a cooler one until thermal equilibrium is reached.
