How does the Sun's heat reach the Earth?

The Sun is approximately 150 million kilometres (1.5 × 10⁸ km) from Earth, and the space between them is essentially a vacuum. Option A (Conduction) is incorrect — conduction requires direct physical contact or a connected material medium. Since there is vacuum between the Sun and Earth, conduction cannot occur. You cannot conduct heat through empty space. Option B (Convection) is incorrect — convection requires a fluid medium (gas or liquid) through which heated molecules can physically move. Since space between the Sun and Earth is a vacuum (no matter), convection is impossible. Option C (Radiation) is CORRECT — the Sun's heat reaches Earth through radiation. Radiation travels as electromagnetic waves (infrared, visible light, ultraviolet) and does not require any material medium. The Sun's radiation takes approximately 8 minutes 20 seconds to reach Earth. Option D (All three methods) is incorrect — only radiation can travel through the vacuum of space between the Sun and Earth. Conduction and convection are impossible in vacuum.