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Correct answer: Minimum energy used by the resting body for vital functions. BMR is the energy expended at rest under standardized conditions to maintain vital functions such as breathing, circulation and cellular activity. It is influenced by lean body mass, age, sex, hormones, temperature and genetics and forms a major part of daily energy expenditure. Exercise expenditure, meal calories and sweat losses are different concepts and do not define basal metabolism.
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The body needs carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. Dietary fibre also supports digestive and metabolic health. A balanced diet supplies these components in amounts suited to a person’s age, activity and physiological needs.
Competitive exams commonly test nutrient functions and sources, energy values, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, balanced diets, and protein-energy malnutrition such as kwashiorkor and marasmus.
Learn each nutrient as a four-part link: its major dietary sources, principal function, characteristic deficiency and important excess effect. This method makes similar options easier to distinguish.
