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Gas thermometers use the pressure or volume changes of gases to measure temperature. Option A (Nitrogen gas thermometer) is incorrect — nitrogen gas thermometers are not the standard reference for the -200°C to 500°C range. Nitrogen liquefies at -196°C, limiting its use as a gas thermometer below that range. Option B (Helium gas thermometer) is incorrect — helium gas thermometers are used for measuring very low temperatures, especially below -200°C, because helium remains gaseous at extremely low temperatures (boils at -269°C). Option C (Hydrogen gas thermometer) is CORRECT — according to the study material, hydrogen gas thermometers are used in the temperature range of -200°C to 500°C. Hydrogen has a wide gaseous range making it ideal for this broad temperature span. Option D (Oxygen gas thermometer) is incorrect — oxygen liquefies at -183°C, making it unsuitable for gas thermometry below that temperature.
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Heat is a form of energy that transfers between objects or systems due to a temperature difference, moving from a hotter body to a cooler one until thermal equilibrium is reached.
