Explanation
Correct Answer: Option D — Arid Soil. Arid Soil is correctly identified as irrigation can make suitable areas productive but may increase salinity if poorly managed. Arid Soil is also associated with a sandy soil of arid and semi-arid environments. Another identifying fact about Arid Soil is that low humus and moisture are common limitations. A further exam-relevant fact about Arid Soil is that irrigation can make suitable areas productive but may increase salinity if poorly managed. Why the other options are incorrect: • Option A — Forest and Mountain Soil: Forest and Mountain Soil is terraced and valley areas may support tea, spices and temperate fruits. It is incorrect here because Forest and Mountain Soil is instead associated with a variable soil group formed under mountain vegetation and relief. • Option B — Saline and Alkaline Soil: Saline and Alkaline Soil is drainage, leaching and gypsum treatment can aid reclamation where appropriate. It is incorrect here because Saline and Alkaline Soil is instead associated with a soil containing excessive soluble salts or exchangeable sodium. • Option C — Peaty and Marshy Soil: Peaty and Marshy Soil is prolonged saturation slows decomposition of plant material. It is incorrect here because Peaty and Marshy Soil is instead associated with an organic-rich soil formed in waterlogged conditions. Exam Takeaway: Connect Arid Soil with “irrigation can make suitable areas productive but may increase salinity if poorly managed” and “a sandy soil of arid and semi-arid environments” for revision.